I looked up the history of the pointe shoe and found the following:
The true pointe shoe developed in later years through the 19th Century, with ballerina Marie Taglioni dancing La Sylphide en pointe, and the rest is history. Taglioni's grave is an homage to the dance with ballerinas leaving toe shoes at the site. It's the mecca of ballet dance.
Today, the pointe shoe sole is constructed of a single piece of leather attached to the shoe with special glue, and stitched along the edges for reinforcement. The toe box is a hard, enclosed area that holds the dancer's toes, with the front end of the box flattened so the dancer can balance and spin on a little flat surface. Often, dancers score the bottom of the shoe with a knife (if they are not scored already) to provide traction, and less slippage.
Of course, there is a tremendous price to pay for all that flight! Most dancers have damaged feet. It's very hard to continue to put pressure and weight on such a small area without eventual, detrimental effect. But, nonetheless, if you ask a ballerina to "be careful, don't spend so much time en pointe, take care of your feet", you might as well be talking to the wall. The dance is a magnificent obsession!
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